Устная часть ЕГЭ: сравнение двух фотографий

3 примера сравнения фотографий

The World of Science and Technology by D.Vanifatieva, 8A

Science can be defined as the development and systematization of people’s knowledge about the physical universe. The word “science” also means a branch of such knowledge. Some of the branches are: mathematics, geology, botany; people study engineering, physics, astronomy etc. Basic knowledge of science is essential for everyone. It helps people find their way in the changing world.

Science is a source of progress. It develops the world we live in. Our century is an epoch of great discoveries in science and engineering. It is the epoch of scientific and technological revolution, when new ideas are being born and new discoveries, inventions are being made at an ever increasing rate. Today science has become the most important factor in the development of the national economy in the whole world. Scientific progress serves the interests of society, helps to increase the well-being of people and develops public education. 

Many centuries ago people even couldn`t imagine that we would be able to exchange information using the telephone, fax, the Internet, they didn’t have any idea of other planets beside Earth and that Man would be able to fly there. One invention paves the way to another. When Edison gave the world the electric light, his invention led to the immense use of electricity in the 20th century. The 20th century gave us the automobile, the airplane, the helicopter, the cinema, the computer and the nuclear reactor. Two world wars helped to develop the chemical industry to the level that allowed to produce synthetics and other scientific marvels.

Some people believe that inventions occur as the need arises. From this point of view, someone else might have invented the telephone. As it happened, it was Alexander Graham Bell. In the course of his efforts to perfect a multiple telegraph, Bell had invented a little machine, that he had used in teaching the deaf. This little machine that he called the phonautograph, gave him a key to the invention of the telephone. When Bell showed his first model of the telephone, it was still a rather simple instrument. However, Bell’s invention was immediately called the greatest of the time.
Now, computer technology plays the most important role in the progress of science. The ability of computers to solve many mathematical problems more effectively than man does has given rise to new trends in mathematics, it also has created high technology that is at the cutting edge: the most advanced technology available. Computer science is a new field of study and research. 

Computers are also used to create the effect of a world which seems almost completely real to the people in it, Virtual reality. In today’s virtual worlds people can do a lot of things: doctors practise operations on different parts of human body, students learn some geography and history by “walking” into the places they are interested in, tourists take far-away trips to other countries etc.
 At the same time, a lot of VR programmes are exercises in killing rather than in thinking. The questions that remains open is how virtual trips effect our minds, judgement and relationships. Critics of virtual reality say that this sort of technology without careful regulation will be nothing more than a high-tech instrument for spreading violence, pornography and advertising. Some psychologists warn that for the young and mentally ill virtual trips could be very dangerous because after such trips they mix up the real world with virtual one. 

To sum it up, there are a lot of urgent problems scientific minds are working at, for example, finding and using alternative sources of energy; creating highly effective systems of communication; climatic change; serious diseases like cancer, AIDs, heart and vessel problems, drug addiction. But science may be turned both for peace and military purpose. It can take good forms and evil forms. With the help of scientific inventions politicians make weapons of mass destruction. So, what is the final word on science and technology? It can be a curse or a blessing. In the end it will be what we make it. 

Computers and VR by A.Rumyantsev, 8B

Science and Technology

Computers and Virtual Reality

by Alexander Rumyantsev, 8B

Advances in science and technology in the last 100 years have transformed the way we live. We use computers and other electric equipment at home and at school. Nowadays we can't do without such gadgets as mobile phones, digital tape recorders, laptops etc.

The computer is an electronic device that stores information and allows changes in it through the use of instructions. A modern computer is capable of doing, for example, word processing and accounting. Working on personal computers (PCs) requires some techniques. Computer programs allow a PC user to type texts, draw objects and diagrams, save and delete them.  Computers give us access to the Internet. You can spend a lot of time surfing the Internet and get all sorts of information from it. You can enter the chat room with other Internet users and debate urgent problems on line, or correspond with your friends via e-mail,  or open your own web site and place there information about yourself.

So, I think that the invention of the computer is one of the marvels of modern science. Computers make possible virtual reality, the technology that allows users to interact with computer-simulated images and offers getting into make-believe world. In today's virtual worlds people can do a lot of things: doctors practise operations on different parts of human body, students learn geography and history by "walking" into the places they are interested in, pilots train on a plane model. The advantages of virtual reality -- both real and potential -- are clear. On the other hand, there is a danger that traditional morality will break down in virtual worlds and this sort of technology will be nothing more than a high-tech instrument for spreading violence. Critics of VR say that a lot of VR programs are exercises in killing rather than in thinking and users may lose the feeling of what is right and what is wrong. The realism of simulators is getting better and better and one of the side effects, besides psychological, is harm to the users' health. People may have headaches, ruin their eyesight and so on. One of the problems we face nowadays with is VR and gaming addiction.

Scientific minds are now working at a lot of urgent problems, including serious diseases like drug addiction, cancer, AIDS, heart and vessel problems

·       collecting, storing, using and sending out information

·       creating highly effective systems of communication

·       learning how to save and conserve energy

·       finding and using alternative sources of energy

·       recycling and reusing materials

·       studying particles smaller than atoms

·       UFOs and the possibility of alien visits

·       climatic change

·       soil, water, air pollution, nuclear pollution and so on.

In conclusion, technology can be a curse or a blessing. In the end new technology will be what we make it. We must be ready to take our place in this computerized, antibiotic, nuclear, supersonic age.

7 Form: Suggested Introduction and Conclusion (ARTS)

            I would like to start by saying that there are a lot of kinds of arts: literature, music, dancing, painting and drawing, sculpture, architecture, theatre, cinema and others. Russia is famous for its great literature, visual arts, cinema, a high standard of theatre and ballet. Moscow is connected with music and ballet, St Petersburg with literature. 

...

            The early primitive art began in prehistoric times. Speaking about prehistoric art we usually mean early dancing and the first drawings that prehistoric people made. All primitive people all over the world made music of some sort. It was usually music that had some religious meaning. When it was performed, the spectators usually danced, drummed or clapped hands and sang to the music. 

            Speaking of ancient art we usually mean Greek theatre and singing and Greek and Roman architecture. By Renaissance art we usually understand the visual arts, theatre and literature of this period. When we speak about classical art we usually mean the arts of the 18^th and 19^th centuries, and by modern art we understand the arts of this century. ...

...

            In conclusion I can say that arts brighten people’s lives. They teach us to understand life and people better and to admire beauty. There’s a popular English saying “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”, and I truly believe so. As I said, I personally like music, it helps me unwind after a tiring day; arts help people relax and enjoy their lives. Without arts our world would be quite a dull place, wouldn’t it.

Administrative Speaking Test Cards Form7

Administrative Speaking Test Cards

CARD 1

You are going to give a talk about the English-Speaking World. You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

- how much about the history of the English language you know;

- why it's good to have an international global language;

- from what languages English borrowed a lot of words, give examples.

CARD 2

You are going to give a talk about British Customs and Traditions. You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

- what countries are famous for their traditions;

- what you know about British spring holidays and traditions;

- what popular summer British holidays and traditions you know.

CARD 3

You are going to give a talk about Popular Arts (The History of Cinema). You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

- when and where cinema was born;

- what the first films showed;

- what old films (silent/sound), actors/actresses/directors and producers you know.

CARD 4

You are going to give a talk about British Customs and Traditions. You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

- what countries are famous for their traditions;

- what you know about British autumn holidays and traditions;

- what popular winter British holidays and traditions you know.

CARD 5

You are going to give a talk about Printed Word. You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

-what materials were used to make earliest books;

- in what places of the world people had books in ancient times;

- where and when printing was invented, how it spread all over the world and changed it.

CARD 6

You are going to give a talk about Printed Word. You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

- by whom early libraries were used and when public libraries appeared;

- what old universities have good libraries;

- what cities of the world have great libraries.

CARD 7

You are going to give a talk about Popular Arts (The History of Cinema). You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

- when and where cinema was born;

- what the first films showed;

- what old films (silent/sound), actors/actresses/directors and producers you know.

CARD 8

You are going to give a talk about Popular Arts (The History of Theatre). You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

- what things theatrical drama is based on;

- in what country theatre was born;

- why we remember Thespis.

CARD 9

You are going to give a talk about Printed Word. You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

- by whom early libraries were used and when public libraries appeared;

- what old universities have good libraries;

- what cities of the world have great libraries.

CARD 10

You are going to give a talk about Printed Word. You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

-what materials were used to make earliest books;

- what places of the world people had books in ancient times;

- where and when printing was invented, how it spread all over the world and changed it.

CARD 11

You are going to give a talk about British Customs and Traditions. You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

- what countries are famous for their traditions;

- what you know about British autumn holidays and traditions;

- what popular winter British holidays and traditions you know.

CARD 12

You are going to give a talk about British Customs and Traditions. You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. Remember to say:

- what countries are famous for their traditions;

- what you know about British spring holidays and traditions;

- what popular summer British holidays and traditions you know.

CARD 13

You are going to give a talk about the English-Speaking World. You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

- how much about the history of the English language you know;

- why it's good to have an international global language;

-  from what languages English borrowed a lot of words, give examples.

CARD 14

You are going to give a talk about the Russian Federation (Geography). You'll have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

- what is the geographical position of the country like;

- what the climate is and what the main climatic zones are;

- how many people live in the RF.